What is ddr5 training. On every boot/reboot it takes 45 seconds to complete POST and the DRAM LED on the board is lit for the vast majority of the time. ” The entire system is called “write leveling. The final major feature being introduced with the AM5 platform is DDR5 memory support. GDDR6 and DDR5 RAM are both excellent choices for gaming and video editing. Image 1 of 3 Apr 22, 2024 · The latest iteration of the DDR5 spec defines official DDR timing specifications up to 8800 MT/s, as well as adding some new features when it comes to security. DDR5 is designed for data-intensive workloads like generative AI, machine learning, deep learning and other workloads running complex algorithms. Oct 12, 2021 · DDR5 DRAM modules boast several key improvements over previous generations. 36X effective bandwidth. DDR4 usually has a CAS latency of 16, while DDR5 will have a CAS latency of at least 32. This only happens when Apr 27, 2024 · Summary: GDDR6 RAM vs DDR5. Like AM4, which was introduced alongside AMD’s Jan 30, 2023 · What is DDR5 RAM? DDR5 took over from DDR4, and is a type of RAM (or memory) in a PC. You can locate this by using the search function available from the top of the UEFI page. How firmware engineers who worked on it with that brand/chipset/CPU of that board probably experienced various amount of issues either trying to achi DDR5 is a new generation of double-data-rate DDR DRAM memory released in 2021, first to be supported on the consumer market by the 12th Gen Intel Core processors and the Z690 chipset platform. Its development was initiated in 2017 by the industry standards body JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) with input from the leading global memory semiconductor and chipset architecture vendors, including Kingston. Featured DDR5 › CORSAIR VENGEANCE RGB DDR5 RAM 32 GB (2 x 16 GB) 6400 MHz CL36 Intel XMP iCUE Compatible Computer Memory - Black (CMH32GX5M2B6400C36) Crucial Pro DDR5 RAM 32 GB Kit (2 x 16 GB) CL36 6000 MHz, Overclocking Desktop Gaming Memory, Intel XMP 3. Compared to its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM , DDR5 was planned to reduce power consumption, while doubling bandwidth . Memory training occurs on power up, and it is the process whereby the system initialises all the memory installed in your system, does a few rapid tests, organises it all into a pool, and then makes it available for use. Protocol and logic analysis remain necessary, but power management and power integrity are newly important considerations in memory design, given the complexities of the DDR5 training sequences. Apr 30, 2024 · If you get a DDR4 motherboard, you won't be able to use it with DDR5. gamingscan. com/subscribeWhat is the new DDR5 RAM all about and DDR5 offers benefits in many applications and is best suited for maximizing DDR5 server and workstation performance for AI, deep learning, high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, virtualized supercomputing, and in-memory database applications that demand the highest-speed real-time memory available. Jul 9, 2018 · In DFI 5. The operating voltage of DDR5 is further reduced from 1. Those that contributed to the development of the standard come from a diverse technology background and represent both manufacturers and consumers of SDRAM memories. It never really concerned me. The transition from DDR4 to DDR5 represents far more than a typical DDR SDRAM generational change. The standard was released in July 2020 and has been creeping its way into the tech world over the last three Incorporating a resistive termination within the DRAM device, which is often referred to as On Die Termination (ODT), improves the signaling environment by reducing the electrical discontinuities introduced with off-die termination. The DDR5 RAM timings should be those of an AMD EXPO profile. Command bus training CK –CS CK –CA 800Mbps 1600Mbps SoC : CA/CS delay DRAM : Vref(CA) 2. ? You probably are correct as the "core AGESA" isn't the issue, but dependent on who implements it on their particular board. ” It is similarly possible to delay each DQ bit within a lane with respect to its strobe in order to perfectly center the strobe around the DQ signal. mindshare. Aug 3, 2023 · AMD also revealed that there are two memory training updates that come in AGESA 1. The best choice for you will depend on your budget and your specific needs. WCK2CK leveling CK –WCK CK 800MHz WCK 3200MHz SoC : WCK delay 3. Whereas Slow Training is guaranteed to keep training until you tell the board to stop. Jul 29, 2024 · How do DDR5 memory interface chipsets harness the advantages of DDR5 for DIMMs? The good news is that DDR5 memory interface chips improve signal integrity for the command and address signals sent from the host memory controller to the DIMMs. 0, training mode has been completely transformed to be a PHY-independent training mode, there by the PHY trains the memory interface without involving the controller. In addition to being faster and offering higher densities, they also come equipped with intelligent features that will help drive the next era in computing. When asking a question or stating a problem, please add as much detail as possible. please refer to the information based on the source that we noted. DDR5 demonstrates a major step forward that has completely overhauled the overall DDR architecture with one primary goal: increasing bandwidth. DDR5 is the successor to DDR4 RAM. You have no idea when it chooses to train. May 8, 2022 · However, it's slowly getting there, and G. DDR5 will only fit in DDR5 server motherboards for all CPUs (central processing units) released into the market after October 2022. Oct 24, 2017 · The process of detecting the required delays, which is usually done at power up, is called “training. DDR5 RAM CL, also known as CAS latency, represents the number of clock cycles it takes for the memory to respond to a read or write request. This how now happened a few times for me. 74x and gives great results for XMP on with no manual tweaking. No, DDR5 server memory and DDR4 motherboards are incompatible. It promises greater bandwidth, increased capacity, and lower power demands than existing DDR4, helping to make DDR5 protocol training is focused on understanding of all the aspects of DDR5 including DDR5 ports, commands, timing diagrams, training sequences, post package repair, ODT etc. It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR controller, DDR PHY, DDR memory, etc. [ 5 ] A DDR5 DIMM tops a stack of DDR5, DDR4, DDR3, and DDR2 modules. It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR addressing, DDR memory organization, DDR wrapper, DDR controller and DDR PHY. In this paper the test challenges of GDDR5 training on ATE are discussed and solutions addressing these challenges are presented. GDDR5 is a specification proposal which is under consideration at the committee level of JEDEC and is a work in May 7, 2023 · DDR5 is the fifth generation of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory . Mar 11, 2020 · DDR5 technology is enabled with lots of new features related to Performance (More number of Banks, Bank Groups, BL16, Enhanced refresh modes, DFE), Reliability (On die ECC, Data CRC for Reads), Low Power (Write Pattern, Lower voltage levels for VDD/VDDQ/VPP), and Enhanced PHY trainings (CS training, Read training patterns, Internal write Sep 6, 2022 · AMD EXPO is a new DDR5 overclocking standard, and it could be a big deal for Ryzen 7000. It's probably due to having so much memory and using DDR5. Memory training is not something whereby you train the memory, or condition it in any way. DDR5 overview. DDR5 is the fifth generation of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, aka DDR5 SDRAM. Feb 26, 2019 · DDR5 supports memory density from 8Gb to 64Gb combined with a wide range of data rate from 3200 MT/s to 6400 MT/s. It also has the best timings that you can find on a DDR5-6000 memory kit. Oct 6, 2023 · DDR5 is for those who have plans to do hardcore computer programming, like training an AI model, processing massive datasets, or building an inference model. However, because of its faster clock speeds, the newer standard has better performance overall. Subsequent booting time is ~6 seconds before displaying the ROG logo. 2V of DDR4 to 1. com/en/processors/ryzen-mobile-f Code 15 on the display indicates memory training and that only happens after a fresh BIOS flash or if I make any major changes. Fairly certain it’s an msi am5 issue partially but yes memory training causes latency on boot times for all ddr5 boards. As the standard evolved, design, modeling, and automation tools also had to evolve and adapt to incorporate new concepts that support the advanced Jun 22, 2023 · In the "old days", it used to be that when you wanted to upgrade RAM, you popped out the old RAM, replaced it with new RAM, and powered on the system. This will increase to 43% in 2024. 3600 ftw, I'm fine. Nov 29, 2023 · DDR5 memory training is important because it helps individuals understand how to use DDR5 memory in their systems. In Easy Mode, simply activate the DDR5 Auto Booster. Read gate training RDQS 3200MHz SoC : Read gate delay 5. Dec 23, 2023 · DDR5 is the 5th generation of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, aka DDR5 SDRAM, which is available in Q4 2021. Feb 20, 2021 · Read full article ️ https://www. This nifty feature effortlessly elevates your memory frequency from 5600MHz to a respectable 6000MHz, giving your system an additional boost. -The memory powers up. Msi stuff seems to be the worst about it. That’s quite a mouthful, hence its useful acronym - DDR5. However, if you’re on a budget, GDDR6 RAM is a good option. In case your DDR5 RAM supports AMD EXPO, but EXPO is not enabled, you should turn it on. such as the addition of new and improved training modes to help DIMMs Apr 21, 2020 · Brett Murdock, senior product marketing manager at Synopsys, explains how to train the DRAM physical layer using firmware, why that is so important for flexibility, and what kinds of issues engineers encounter when using this approach. A new signal dfi_2n_mode has also been added to support this behavior. Thaiphoon Burner was a great utility to read the SPD on DDR4 memory modules to discover which ICs they carry without taking the heat spreader apart. Measured in nanoseconds (ns), it indicates the time delay between when a command is issued to the memory and when the data is retrieved or Aug 26, 2022 · AMD's Director of Technical Marketing, Robert Hallock, empowers you with the advantages of DDR5. . Arguably if the memory controller had a better memory training procedure it wouldn't have to retrain all the time as it would come to a set of settings that always work well enough. The time it adds to my bootup is only really 15-20 seconds for a 32GB kit of DDR5-6000. 与ddr5读取训练相关的数据模式包括默认的可编程串行模式、简单的时钟模式和线性反馈移位寄存器(lfsr)生成的模式，可用于在处理ddr5高数据速率时拥有更稳健的时序余量。 - Shows a detailed view of the DDR4 Bank States and discusses numerous state transitions, their motivations, behaviors, requirements, etc. Skill Trident Z5 RGB DDR5-6000 C36 is one of the fastest DDR5 memory kits that money can buy. It describes in details how the system memory works, but for a quick overview. Jul 14, 2020 · DDR5 introduces a finer-grained bank refresh feature, which will allow for some banks to refresh while others are in use. Jan 19, 2021 · The most notable difference between DDR5 and previous generations is the introduction of decision feedback equalization, a technique used in serial link systems to improve the integrity of received signals. Feb 2, 2024 · The UC BIOS makes memory optimization a breeze for everyone, even if your DDR5 memory is non-XMP and runs at standard speeds. amd. ; Contains a detailed table of DDR4 commands with descriptions; Walks through numerous DDR4 timing diagrams of various commands and provides insights for the motivations of behaviors and requirements; Also discusses burst orientations, types, lengths and The insatiable desire for more bandwidth in data centers has led to intense pressure to push DDR5 memory technology out to market faster. Nov 30, 2021 · What Is DDR5, and Why Do We Need It? DDR5 is the newest standard for memory modules on consumer PCs, coming to market in concert with Intel's 12th Generation Core processors (headed Upgrading your RAM and SSD can help improve your overall PC performance. So it seems in line with memory training. According to Omdia, an independent analyst and consultancy firm, DDR5 will possess 10% of the global DRAM market share in 2022. Firmware-based training combines the benefits of the first two options by allowing the training to take place through FW and localizing the training execution entirely to the PHY. The first is txDFE / Enhanced Memory Training which is a new BIOS option users can manually enable to gain Oct 6, 2020 · Pivoting to DDR5, JEDEC has enabled standards ranging from DDR5-3200 to DDR5-6400. Jan 31, 2023 · This will bypass memory training routines on a warm restart or power on, reducing POST times. DDR5 is the 5th generation of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, aka DDR5 SDRAM, which is available in Q4 2021. com Nov 6, 2020 · Training Modes of DDR5. Calibration/Training : Preamble Training, Calibration/Training : Preamble Training, MPR MPR DDR4 Supports 3 way of DQ Link Training with 4 MPR as follows 1) Serial Readout : Predefined pattern or Re-writed pattern is returned to Host Serial 2) Parallel Readout : Predef ined pattern or Re-writed pattern is returned to Host Parallel manner Oct 29, 2020 · Compared to DDR4, DDR5 will double the data transfer rate while supporting a larger memory density. Skill's recent Trident Z5 RGB DDR5-6400 C32 memory kit is a testimony that DDR5 is progressing in the right direction. Sep 5, 2019 · Earlier this year, JEDEC released the new standard, JESD209–5, Low Power Double Data Rate 5 (LPDDR5). Jul 18, 2020 · What are memory initialization, training, and testing? What are the effects of it? Why is it important? Context: Read Write Memory RAM DDR5 Memory I'm running DDR5 128gb with a 7950x, and this link you shared helped me settle on 3600MHz after days of trying things, memory training time, failing to post and resting bios, so many bsods, corrupt updates, and corrupt installs. A small number of DDR5 systems and motherboards require a period of "training" newly installed memory to work with the system and allow access to the UEFI, or otherwise to complete the system's power-on self-test (POST). DDR5 supports several different training modes that have a significant impact on its high data rate capability. With 64 GB of DDR5 memory at 6400 MT/s (3200 MHz), first boot after AC loss causes memory training and usually takes about 20 seconds. com Comprehensive DRAM (DDR5/LPDDR5) Architecture Course Info Let MindShare Bring “DRAM (DDRx/LPDDRx) Architecture” to Life for You A burst length of 16 beats, better refresh/pre-charge schemes allowing higher performance, a dual-channel DIMM architecture targeted at better channel utilization, integrated voltage regulators on DDR5 DIMMs, increased bank-group for a higher performance, and Command/Address on-die termination (ODT) are just a few of the many new DDR5 high-performance features. DDR5 can currently have DIMMs up to 512GB on a single DIMM using an 8-High Stack, 16Gb-based DRAM component in an 8Rx4 configuration. Normal boots, Code 15/Memory training does not occur and my button press to login screen time is 30-32 seconds. Training: NEW COURSE AVAILABLE FOR BOOKING NOW! Let MindShare Bring "DRAM (DDR5/LPDDR5) Architecture" to Life for You. Increased Data Rates A number of key feature additions and improvements enable DDR5’s bandwidth increase. 1V. While DDR5 RAM is newer with better storage density and power efficiency than DDR4, it tends to have higher CAS latency. 7b. The bus for each of the two channels goes to the RCD and then fans out to the two halves of the DIMM. This includes a new read preamble training mode, command and address training mode, chip select training mode, and a write leveling training mode that provides the same capability as DDR4, allowing the system to compensate for timing differences on a module. 6 Star […] Mar 9, 2023 · DDR5 is objectively better than DDR4 on average, and DDR5 is doubtless the memory standard you'll one day have in your computer. 0 interface to the memory controller and can be combined with Synopsys’ DDR5/4 controller for a complete DDR interface solution. The course covers topics such as memory architecture, memory management, and programming techniques for DDR5 memory. . Motherboards typically only support DDR4 or DDR5, but not both. However, its current pricing and relatively small real-world performance increase don't yet warrant an upgrade. When it was debuted in 2021 it came with a Nov 27, 2020 · With DDR5, system simulations indicate that there is an approximate performance increase of 1. 7161 Bishop Road, Suite 250 Plano, TX USA 75024 Get in touch by phone: (888) 694-6250 At DDR5 speeds that margin is a lot smaller so memory training needs to get closer to "perfect". Taking a GDDR5 with 5 Gbit/s data rate per pin as an example, the CK runs with 1. Home > Course > DDR1 to DDR4 and LPDDR1 to LPDDR4 Training DDR Training DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. Mar 11, 2024 · Understanding DDR5 RAM CL. 3600 MCLK divided by 2066 IF maths out to 1. DDR5 stands for Double Data Rate 5. Apr 24, 2023 · Set it to Slow Training and give it a few restarts to see if you can save it before resorting to a reflash. Write leveling training in DDR5 compensates for the device’s unmatched DQ-DQS path, making it easier to support fast data rates with short write preambles and enabling shorter bus turnarounds. This allows each of the memory channels on the SoC to be trained in parallel, and in addition, the host CPU can spend valuable cycles on other initialization A detailed tutorial on DDR4 SDRAM Initialization, Training and Calibration. I had to disable memory training in the bios by enabling the "Memory Context Restore" feature (Extreme Tweaker > DRAM Timing Control > Memory Context Restore -> Enabled). 2 GHz P-Core Turbo: Motherboard Nov 2, 2014 · ASSET InterTech, Inc. One of the next high speed memory standards that uses a sophisticated training methodology is GDDR5. 2 GHz Base, 5. 0. Learn more: https://www. Answers to Your Questions Jul 20, 2021 · DDR5 RAM is the next generation of system memory, and it’s just around the corner. DDR5 memory, the successor to DDR4 desktop and laptop memory, is the fifth-generation double data rate (DDR) SDRAM, and the performance improvements from DDR4 to DDR5 are the greatest yet. 1V in DDR5 from 1. Host is required to train the individual component as well as the module as a whole. it can't be an AGESA support issue but rather an issue with ASRock's "memory training" code in their BIOS. Nov 8, 2021 · DDR5 somewhat changes that, as it looks to offer superior bandwidth out the gate even compared to the fastest DDR4 modules. My board had what I assume to be dying memory slots but I gave up after a day of troubleshooting and swapped it out. The speed that DDR5 now offers is 16x faster than the first ever SDRAM. Oct 25, 2021 · Higher capacity DRAM allows for higher capacity DIMMs. When building a DDR5-based system, one of the crucial decisions you’ll face is determining the optimal number of memory sticks to install. In the wake of the new technology, this short article outlines some of the fundamental signal integrity concepts in the context of DDR5. WCK Duty cycle training WCK 3200MHz DRAM : DCA code 4. Geardown mode also has been extended to 2N mode. This post will discuss in detail about what is DDR5 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 5 SDRAM), its features, architecture, how it works, applications & advantages. 5 GHz. Oct 25, 2017 · What is Driving DDR5? Blog Post: Oct 25, 2021: Renesas Introduces DDR5 Data Buffer for High-Performance Server and Cloud Service Applications: News: Sep 9, 2020: IDT Announces Industry’s First Power Management IC for Client DDR5 Memory Modules: News: Dec 5, 2019: IDT Announces Industry’s First SPD Hub IC for DDR5 Server Memory Modules: News Jul 8, 2021 · DDR5, the next generation of RAM, should appear on store shelves somewhere around late summer or fall of 2021. Apr 7, 2022 · DDR5 Memory Test Setup (Alder Lake) Processor: Intel Core i9-12900K, $589 125 W, 8+8 Cores, 24 Threads 3. It might take you into the BIOS when the system saw a change in the amount of RAM, but that was about it. Auto is a wonky setting and isn't great for memory overclocking. It brings better performance, stability and efficiency compared DDR4. However, I wouldn't expect it to happen more than once since I'm not making changes. e. 2V for DDR4, the power consumption in DDR5 is lower. The drive to develop and debut DDR5 lies mainly with its increased capacity of 64Gb (gigabits) per integrated circuit (or IC, aka Nov 8, 2022 · This is on a Gigabyte X670 Aorus Elite AX using latest BIOS and G. Even so, Training: NEW COURSE AVAILABLE FOR BOOKING NOW! Let MindShare Bring "DRAM (DDR5/LPDDR5) Architecture" to Life for You. com/en/processors/ryzen-mobile-f Mar 11, 2024 · Understanding DDR5 RAM CL. It will make your memory run faster, and all it takes is a click or two in your UEFI. Please be aware that if enabling XMP or adjusting memory parameters, you should check that the memory is stable before enabling Fast Boot. DDR5 is also great for beefing up servers that expect to see a lot of traffic and for gamers who want to future-proof their rig for the next several years. Logic Analyzer ‘Machines’ when using Aug 28, 2024 · Above information might be partly or entirely quoted from exterior websites or sources. Exploring topics such as Read/Write Training, ZQ Calibration, Vref Training, Read Centering, Write Centering, Write Leveling and Periodic Calibration. AK-Brian • • May 15, 2024 · DDR5 Protocol Validation Challenges over DDR4 • 2, 32 bit busses each with ECC • Two Busses requires . Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory. 25 GHz and both WCK clocks at 2. It is about training and Jul 16, 2022 · Overclocking DDR5 (Image credit: Tom's Hardware). Apr 12, 2022 · For device modules like DDR5 DIMMs, the training not only involves the individual components (RCD, DRAM, DB) but how the signals are propagated from one component to another. 0 Sep 26, 2022 · DDR5 & AMD EXPO Memory: Memory Overclocking, AMD's Way. The CK and WCKs are phase aligned during the initialization and training sequence. DDR5 promises better speeds, better power management and efficiency, and more RAM packed into a single stick. com www. a company engaged in training, consulting Feb 13, 2022 · The G. Compared to the previous generation of DDR4 memory, DDR5 supports faster frequency speed, higher capacity, and lower operating voltage. In addition to write leveling discussed above, DDR5 includes a new read preamble training mode, command/address training mode, and chip select training mode. Oct 30, 2023 · As an example DDR5 7200 runs extremely easily on this Asrock Taichi Carrara with Uclk halved, and the latency is lower than the DDR5 6000 testing when it's commonly believed that's not possible. It also has placeholders up to DDR5-8000, however the specifics of those standards are still a work in progress. If you have a specific Keyboard/Mouse/AnyPart that is doing something strange, include the model number i. Skill DDR5 6000 CL30-40-40-96 (XMP kit, full part no in my system specs). Once done, I am booting up at the full 6,000MHz without waiting for a full memory training session and everything is working much better! Nov 20, 2021 · You can find here a comprehensive understanding of the DDR4 memory initialization, calibration and training here. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Whether it’s the final minutes of a DOTA 2 battle or a virtual video job interview, the last thing you want is for the computer to crash because of an aggressive memory overclock. Synopsys DDR5/4 PHY IP Datasheet May 18, 2024 · The advent of DDR5 RAM has revolutionized the world of computer memory, offering blazing-fast speeds and enhanced performance. Nov 23, 2023 · DDR5 memory training differs from DDR4 memory training in several key ways. This alignment allows read and write access with minimum latency. Here's everything you need to know about the new standard. It seems that with at least some new For PC questions/assistance. Firstly, DDR5 memory uses a new VREF value, which is the voltage reference that the memory controller uses to determine how much voltage to apply to the memory. If you’re looking for the best possible performance, DDR5 RAM is the way to go. See full list on pcmag. The DDR5/4 PHY includes a DFI 5. You can follow the instructions from the second section of this guide to see what steps you need to take. two. com/what-is-ddr5-ram/⭐️ Subscribe ️ https://www. May 4, 2023 · DDR5 comes with many promises, but one of its most significant selling points is the higher level of bandwidth it can feed to processors with tons of cores. Learn: What the changes from DDR4 to DDR5 are, and the new simulation and measurement techniques How channel simulation technology (using IBIS-AMI modelling) has been adapted specifically for single-ended 800-633-1440 1-512-256-0197 training@mindshare. Cheers! (Graphic artist, multiple programs running, need the 128) DDR5 SDRAM is the next generation memory and is sure to replace DDR4. Read data training RDQS –DQ/DMI 6400Mbps SoC : Rx delay, Vref(DQ) 6 DDR5 Training DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. DDR5 supports External WL training for cycle alignment, Internal WL training for phase alignment. Memory training occurs on power up, and it is the process whereby the system initializes DDR5 offers benefits in many applications and is best suited for maximizing DDR5 server and workstation performance for AI, deep learning, high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, virtualized supercomputing, and in-memory database applications that demand the highest-speed real-time memory available. If it continues, I may turn off DDR5 Nitro Mode and see if that helps. 1. which is the Self-Refresh Exit The "DDR5 Nitro Mode" settings mention a lot about slower boot times, for the sake of stability. DDR5 training struggles with lots of memory it basically caps at 32GB, same issue on Intel AFAIK Reply reply More replies More replies. The PUB also includes an embedded calibration processor to execute hardware-assisted, firmware-based training algorithms. Best Seller 4. Whether you are new to DRAM or an industry veteran seeking the latest and greatest standards, you will learn more than you expect from MindShare's DRAM courses. DDR5 is expected to be the next mainstream computer memory standard. Dec 6, 2021 · To take the XMP training wheels off and overclock the frequency or timings, you will need to test each change you make. Lower Power With the reduction of operating voltage - VDD/VDDQ/VPP to 1. kraazn ogsuh lnnax ospvte igfcr gnsjp cfv pnimlgwj mauw moamlc